惯用语法
Kotlin 中的一些常用惯用语法。
创建数据传输对象 (POJOs/POCOs)
data class Customer(val name:String,val email:String)
Customer
类具有以下函数 :
- 对所有属性的 getters(对于变量提供 setters 方法)
equals()
hashCode()
toString()
copy()
component1()
,component2()
, … , for all properties (See Data classes)
函数参数默认值
fun foo(a: Int = 0, b: String = "") { ... }
过滤 list
val positives = list.filter { x -> x > 0 }
even shorter :
val positives = list.filter { it > 0 }
字符串插入
println("Name $name")
类型检查
when (x) {
is Foo -> ...
is Bar -> ...
else -> ...
}
遍历 map/键值对集合
for ((k, v) in map) {
println("$k -> $v")
}
k
, v
可以任意命名
使用 ranges
for (i in 1..100) { ... } // 闭合 range: 包括100
for (i in 1 until 100) { ... } // 半开 range: 不包括100
for (x in 2..10 step 2) { ... }
for (x in 10 downTo 1) { ... }
if (x in 1..10) { ... }
只读 list
val list = listOf("a", "b", "c")
只读 map
val map = mapOf("a" to 1, "b" to 2, "c" to 3)
访问 map
println(map["key"])
map["key"] = value
懒属性
val p: String by lazy {
// compute the string
}
扩展函数
fun String.spaceToCamelCase() { ... }
"Convert this to camelcase".spaceToCamelCase()
创建单例
object Resource{
val name="Name"
}
if not null 简写
val files = File("Test").listFiles()
println(files?.size)
if not null and else 简写
val files = File("Test").listFiles()
println(files?.size ?: "empty")
为 null 时执行
val data = ...
val email = data["email"] ?: throw IllegalStateException("Email is missing!")
不为null时执行
val data = ...
data?.let {
... // not null 时执行
}
不为 null 时返回非 null map
val value = ...
val mapped = value?.let { transformValue(it) } ?: defaultValueIfValueIsNull
返回 when 表达式
fun transform(color: String): Int {
return when (color) {
"Red" -> 0
"Green" -> 1
"Blue" -> 2
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
}
}
try/catch 表达式
fun test() {
val result = try {
count()
} catch (e: ArithmeticException) {
throw IllegalStateException(e)
}
// Working with result
}
if 表达式
fun foo(param: Int) {
val result = if (param == 1) {
"one"
} else if (param == 2) {
"two"
} else {
"three"
}
}
Builder-style usage of methods that return Unit
fun arrayOfMinusOnes(size: Int): IntArray {
return IntArray(size).apply { fill(-1) }
}
单一表达式函数
fun theAnswer() = 42
等价于
fun theAnswer(): Int {
return 42
}
可以和其他习惯用法有效结合,简化代码,例如when表达式 :
fun transform(color: String): Int = when (color) {
"Red" -> 0
"Green" -> 1
"Blue" -> 2
else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Invalid color param value")
}
使用 with 调用一个对象的多个方法
class Turtle {
fun penDown()
fun penUp()
fun turn(degrees: Double)
fun forward(pixels: Double)
}
val myTurtle = Turtle()
with(myTurtle) { //draw a 100 pix square
penDown()
for(i in 1..4) {
forward(100.0)
turn(90.0)
}
penUp()
}
Java 7's try with resources
val stream = Files.newInputStream(Paths.get("/some/file.txt"))
stream.buffered().reader().use { reader ->
println(reader.readText())
}
需要泛型类型信息的泛型函数的简便形式
// public final class Gson {
// ...
// public <T> T fromJson(JsonElement json, Class<T> classOfT) throws JsonSyntaxException {
// ...
inline fun <reified T: Any> Gson.fromJson(json): T = this.fromJson(json, T::class.java)
使用可空 Boolean 值
val b: Boolean? = ...
if (b == true) {
...
} else {
// b为false 或者 null
}
update at 2017/10/25
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